How many types of xpath are there?

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 In Selenium, there are mainly two types of XPath used for locating elements: 1. Absolute XPath: This XPath starts from the root node and follows the complete path to the element. It is highly specific and is dependent on the structure of the HTML document. Example: /html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/span 2. Relative XPath: This XPath starts from any element in the HTML document (not necessarily from the root). It is more flexible and commonly used because it is less likely to break if the structure of the page changes slightly. Example: //div[@class='example'] Additionally, XPath can be classified by the type of syntax used for selecting elements: Attribute-based XPath: Selects elements based on their attributes (e.g., id, class, name, etc.). Example: //input[@name='username'] Text-based XPath: Selects elements based on their text content. Example: //button[text()='Submit'] Contains() function: Allows partial matching of attributes or text. Example: //a[contains(@...
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What is the difference between Regression testing and Retesting.

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Regression testing and retesting are two different concepts in software testing.

Regression Testing:

Regression testing is a type of software testing that is performed to ensure that changes or modifications in a software application do not introduce new defects or cause existing functionalities to fail. It involves rerunning previously executed test cases to verify that the existing functionality of the software has not been affected by the recent changes.

Regression testing is typically performed after bug fixes, patches, or enhancements have been made to the software. Its purpose is to ensure that the changes made to address a specific issue have not inadvertently caused problems in other areas of the software.

Retesting: Retesting, on the other hand, is a type of testing that focuses on verifying whether a defect or a bug has been fixed correctly. It involves running test cases that previously failed due to a defect, after the defect has been fixed, to ensure that the issue no longer exists.

Retesting is often performed as part of the defect resolution process. Once a developer fixes a reported bug, the testing team will retest the specific test cases that originally failed to confirm that the fix has indeed resolved the issue.

Regression testing is aimed at ensuring that the existing functionality is not affected by changes, whereas retesting is focused on verifying that a specific bug or defect has been successfully resolved. Both testing techniques are essential in maintaining the quality and stability of software applications.

When to use regression and when to use retesting:-

Regression Testing:

  1. Software Updates: Regression testing is performed after software updates, such as bug fixes, patches, or enhancements, have been made. It ensures that the changes do not introduce new defects or break existing functionality.
  2. System Integration: When integrating multiple software components or systems, regression testing is used to ensure that the integration does not cause any unintended issues or regressions in the overall system.
  3. Configuration Changes: If there are changes in the configuration settings or environment of the software, regression testing is necessary to verify that the software continues to function correctly in the new configuration.
  4. New Test Cases: When new test cases are added to the test suite, regression testing is executed to validate that these additions do not impact existing functionality negatively.

Retesting:

  1. Defect Resolution: Retesting is performed after a developer has fixed a reported bug to ensure that the specific issue has been successfully resolved. It involves re-running the failed test cases related to the bug to confirm that the fix is effective.
  2. Patch Verification: After applying a patch or a fix, retesting is carried out to ensure that the fix has been correctly applied and the identified problem is no longer present.
  3. Confirmation Testing: In situations where a defect has been reported and a temporary workaround was implemented, retesting is done to verify if the original issue still exists after removing the workaround.


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