How many types of xpath are there?

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 In Selenium, there are mainly two types of XPath used for locating elements: 1. Absolute XPath: This XPath starts from the root node and follows the complete path to the element. It is highly specific and is dependent on the structure of the HTML document. Example: /html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/span 2. Relative XPath: This XPath starts from any element in the HTML document (not necessarily from the root). It is more flexible and commonly used because it is less likely to break if the structure of the page changes slightly. Example: //div[@class='example'] Additionally, XPath can be classified by the type of syntax used for selecting elements: Attribute-based XPath: Selects elements based on their attributes (e.g., id, class, name, etc.). Example: //input[@name='username'] Text-based XPath: Selects elements based on their text content. Example: //button[text()='Submit'] Contains() function: Allows partial matching of attributes or text. Example: //a[contains(@...
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Sanity Testing Vs. Smoke Testing – Difference Between Them

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Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing are two types of software testing techniques used during different stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Although they serve similar purposes, there are differences in their scope and objectives. Let's explore the dissimilarities between smoke testing and sanity testing:

  1. Purpose:

    • Smoke Testing: It is performed to ensure that the most critical functionalities of the software are working correctly after a new build or release. The primary goal is to identify showstopper defects that would prevent further testing.
    • Sanity Testing: It is conducted to verify if a particular set of functionalities or changes introduced in the software meet the specified requirements. The main purpose is to determine if the software is stable enough for further, more detailed testing.

  2. Coverage:

    • Smoke Testing: It provides a broad and shallow level of testing, usually covering the major features or critical paths of the software.
    • Sanity Testing: It focuses on specific areas or functionalities, typically those that have undergone recent modifications or enhancements.

  3. Timing:

    • Smoke Testing: It is performed at the initial stages of testing, typically after receiving a new build or release candidate.
    • Sanity Testing: It is conducted after the completion of the more comprehensive testing phases, such as regression testing or functional testing, to ensure the stability of the software.

  4. Depth of Testing:

    • Smoke Testing: It involves a basic level of testing to verify if the critical functionalities work as expected. It does not delve into detailed testing or validation of individual components.
    • Sanity Testing: It includes a narrower and more focused approach, targeting specific areas for validation, ensuring that recent changes or additions have not introduced any major issues.

  5. Result Interpretation:

    • Smoke Testing: If the smoke test fails, it indicates that the software build is unstable, and further testing is postponed until the issues are resolved.
    • Sanity Testing: A failed sanity test signifies that the recent modifications or additions have introduced significant problems, and thorough testing is necessary before considering the software for further stages.

Smoke testing evaluates the stability of critical functionalities in a new build or release, while sanity testing verifies specific areas or changes made in the software to ensure its overall stability. Smoke testing is performed early in the testing process, while sanity testing occurs after comprehensive testing to ensure recent modifications are functioning correctly.

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